Resolución Quirúrgica para Un Caso de Polisinusitis de Origen Odontogénico / Surgical Resolution for A Case of Polysinusitis of Odontogenic Origin

La celulitis orbitaria es una patología grave que está asociada con sinusitis paranasal. Éstas suelen presentar edema periorbitario, dolor, y movimiento extraocular restringido. La mayoría de los casos presentan pronóstico favorable, asociado a terapia antibiótica o drenaje quirúrgico. Las celulitis de origen odontogénico representan 2 a 5 % de todos los casos; se caracterizan por una diseminación del proceso infeccioso desde los ápices de las raíces, infectando al seno maxilar, llegando a la órbita a través de la fisura orbitaria inferior o a través de un defecto en el piso de la órbita. En el presente estudio se reporta el caso de un paciente masculino de 28 años que consulta por aumento de volumen periorbitario izquierdo con 4 días de evolución, posterior a exodoncia de segundo molar superior izquierdo. Al examen extraoral presenta aumento de volumen izquierdo con eritema periorbitario, proptosis ocular ipsilateral con visión conservada, y salida de líquido purulento por fosa nasal izquierda. En los exámenes de laboratorio e imagenológicos se pesquisa compromiso de seno maxilar, etmoidal y esfenoidal, decidiendo su hospitalización y manejo quirúrgico en tres tiempos operatorios, los cuales permiten acceso a pared anterior del seno maxilar y a espacio pterigoideo. Dentro de los diagnósticos de celulitis orbitaria pueden incluir reacciones alérgicas, conjuntivitis o herpes. Se excluyeron los diagnósticos mencionados debido a que no se observaron alteraciones dermocutáneas periorbitarias. Por el contrario, el compromiso unilateral, movimiento ocular alterado y doloroso indica que el cuadro abarcaba espacios profundos. La infección de senos paranasales posterior a una exodoncia es una complicación poco frecuente. Un diagnóstico temprano adecuado disminuye la morbilidad y mortalidad de esta condición. Debemos estar alertas a complicaciones posteriores en procedimientos realizados, tener conocimiento en diagnóstico y manejo de posibles evoluciones tórpidas en pacientes.

Orbital cellulitis is a serious pathology that is associated with paranasal sinusitis. These medical conditions usually present with periorbital edema, pain, and restricted extraocular movement. Most cases have a favorable prognosis, associated with antibiotic therapy or surgical drainage. Cellulitis of odontogenic origin represents 2 to 5 % of all cases. They are characterized by a spread of the infectious process from the apices of the roots, infecting the maxillary sinus, reaching the orbit through the inferior orbital fissure or through a defect in the floor of the orbit. The present study reports the case of a 28-year-old male patient, who consulted for a volume increase in left periorbital volume with 4 days of evolution, after extraction of the upper left second molar. Extraoral examination showed left volume increase with periorbital erythema, ipsilateral ocular proptosis with preserved vision, and discharge of purulent fluid from the left nostril. The laboratory and imaging tests showed compromise of the maxillary, ethmoid and sphenoid sinus deciding on hospitalization and surgical management in three operative times, which allow access to the anterior wall of the maxillary sinus and the pterygoid space. Diagnoses of orbital cellulitis may include allergic reactions, conjunctivitis, or herpes. These diagnoses were excluded because no periorbital dermocutaneous alterations were observed. In contrast, unilateral involvement, impaired eye movement, and pain indicate that the condition involved deep spaces. Paranasal sinus infection after tooth extraction is a rare complication. An early diagnosis adequately decreases the morbidity and mortality of this condition. We must be alert to subsequent complications in procedures performed, have knowledge in diagnosis and management of possible torpid evolutions in patients.

Diagnosis and management of orbital and cranial complications of pediatric acute rhinosinusitis / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To review the clinical characteristics, to illustrate diagnosis and management experience of orbital and cranial complications of pediatric acute rhinosinusitis. Methods: The clinical data of 24 children with orbital and cranial complications of acute rhinosinusitis who received endoscopic sinus surgery combined with drug treatment in Beijing Children's Hospital from January 2017 to December 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. There were 19 boys and 5 girls. The age varied from 13 to 159 months, with a median 47.5 months. The following diagnoses were obtained: 12 isolated subperiosteal orbital abscess, 2 associated with preseptal abscess, 2 associated with intraorbital abscess, 7 associated with optic neuritis, and 1 associated with septic cavernous sinus thrombosis. Clinical characteristics, organism isolated and outcomes were analyzed through descriptive methods. Results: All 24 patients presented with fever; 9 presented with nasal congestion and purulent discharge. The clinical manifestations of orbital infection included orbital edema, pain, proptosis and displacement of globe in all patients, while visual impairment was recognized in 7 children. Purulent drainage was cultured in 17 patients, among which 12 were positive. All patients underwent nasal endoscopic surgical interventions uneventfully, excluding one patient who required a second surgical procedure. Follow-up period ranged from 5 to 64 months. All patients resolved fully, with the exception of 2 children who got permanent blindness with visual loss preoperative. There was no recurrence or death. Conclusions: Orbital and cranial complications of pediatric acute rhinosinusitis could be severe with an occult onset. For patients with vison impairment, any signs of intracranial complications and a lack of response to conservative management, an urgent endoscopic intervention is needed.

Linfoma ocular primario vs celulitis orbitaria en tiempos de COVID-19 / Primary ocular lymphoma vs orbital cellulitis in times of COVID-19

Los tumores sólidos neoplásicos de tejido linfoide se caracterizan por proliferación acelerada de la porción linforreticular del sistema retículo endotelial, su incidencia mundial es de 4/100,000 prevalente en féminas entre 50-70 años, de etiología desconocida, asociado a helicobacter pylori, epstein barr y VIH. Clínicamente están presentes los síntomas B: fiebre, sudoraciones nocturnas, pérdida de peso, prurito y astenia. ausentes en el caso que nos ocupa de una paciente femenina de 46 años de edad que acudió a consulta de oftalmología por aumento de volumen a nivel de anejos de ojo izquierdo, proptosis indolora y disminución de la visión, con diagnóstico inicial de celulitis orbitaria tratada ambulatoriamente sin resolución. Se administró antibioticoterapia intravenosa sin mejoría clínica, se realizaron estudios complementarios de imagen radiológica, ultrasonido, resonancia magnética con evidencia de imagen tumoral de crecimiento antero lateral, desplazamiento de globo ocular, diámetro mayor de 57,3 mm, de características isointensas heterogéneas, secuencia T1 y flair, erosión de pared interna de orbita y la biopsia excisional informó linfoma primario de anexo ocular orbitario tipo no-Hodgkin. El abordaje acucioso con estudios complementarios para descartar neoplasias orbitarias en pacientes con celulitis orbitaria o dacriocistitis de evolución tórpida es necesario en todo momento, independiente de las condiciones atípicas de pandemia por COVID-19 que dificultan su manejo(AU)

Solid neoplastic tumors of lymphoid tissue are characterized by accelerated proliferation of the lymphoreticular portion of the reticulum endothelial system, their worldwide incidence is 4/100,000 prevalent in females between 50-70 years of age, of unknown etiology, associated with helicobacter pylori, epstein barr and HIV. Clinically, symptoms B are present: fever, night sweats, weight loss, itching and asthenia, absent in the present case of a 46-year-old female patient who came to the ophthalmology office due to increased volume at the level of the appendages. of the left eye, painless proptosis and decreased vision, with an initial diagnosis of orbital cellulitis treated outpatiently without resolution. Intravenous antibiotic therapy was administered without clinical improvement, complementary radiological imaging studies, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging were performed with evidence of an anterolateral growth tumor image, ocular globe displacement, diameter greater than 57.3 mm, heterogeneous isointense characteristics, T1 sequence and flair, erosion of the internal wall of the orbit and the excisional biopsy reported primary non-Hodgkin type orbital annex lymphoma. A careful approach with complementary studies to rule out orbital neoplasms in patients with orbital cellulitis or dacryocystitis of torpid evolution is necessary at all times, regardless of the atypical conditions of a COVID-19 pandemic that make its management difficult(AU)

Role of systemic corticosteroids in orbital cellulitis: a meta-analysis and literature review / Papel dos corticosteroides sistêmicos na celulite orbitária: uma metanálise e revisão da literatura ,

Abstract Introduction: The standard management of orbital cellulitis is to administer a combination of intravenous broad-spectrum antibiotics along with treatment of associated sinusitis. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the addition of corticosteroids could lead to earlier resolution of inflammation and improve disease outcome. Methods: We independently searched five databases (PubMed, SCOPUS, Embase, the Web of Science, and the Cochrane database) for studies published as recent as December 2019. Of the included studies, we reviewed orbital cellulitis and disease morbidity through lengths of hospitalization, incidence of surgical drainage, periorbital edema, vision, levels or C-reactive protein, and serum WBC levels in order to focus on comparing steroid with antibiotics treated group and only antibiotics treated group. Results: Lengths of hospitalization after admission as diagnosed as orbital cellulitis (SMD = −4.02 [−7.93; −0.12], p -value = 0.04, I2 = 96.9%) decrease in steroid with antibiotics treated group compared to antibiotics only treated group. Incidence of surgical drainage (OR = 0.78 [0.27; 2.23], p -value = 0.64,I2 = 0.0%) was lower in the steroid with antibiotics treated group compared to the antibiotics only treated group. Conclusion: Use of systemic steroids as an adjunct to systemic antibiotic therapy for orbital cellulitis may decrease orbital inflammation with a low risk of exacerbating infection. Based on our analysis, we concluded that early use of steroids for a short period can help shorten hospitalization days and prevent inflammation progression.

Resumo Introdução: O tratamento padrão da celulite orbitária inicia-se com uma combinação de antibióticos intravenosos de amplo espectro concomitante ao tratamento do seio comprometido. Objetivos: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar se a adição de corticosteroides poderia levar a uma resolução mais precoce da inflamação e melhorar o desfecho da doença. Método: Fizemos uma pesquisa independente em cinco bancos de dados (PubMed, SCOPUS, Embase, Web of Science e o banco de dados Cochrane) em busca de estudos publicados até dezembro de 2019. Dos estudos incluídos, revisamos a celulite orbitária e a morbidade da doença através dos períodos de internação, incidência de drenagem cirúrgica, edema periorbital, visão, níveis de proteína C-reativa e níveis séricos de leucócitos com foco na comparação do grupo tratado com esteroides e antibióticos e do grupo tratado apenas com antibióticos. Resultados: Os tempos de internação após a admissão dos diagnosticados com celulite orbitária (SMD = -4,02 [-7,93; -0,12], p-valor = 0,04, I2 = 96,9%) diminuíram no grupo tratado com esteroides e antibióticos em comparação ao grupo tratado apenas com antibióticos. A incidência de drenagem cirúrgica (OR = 0,78 [0,27; 2,23], p-valor = 0,64, I2 =0,0%) foi menor no grupo tratado com esteroides e antibióticos em comparação com o grupo tratado apenas com antibióticos. Conclusão: O uso de esteroides sistêmicos como adjuvante da antibioticoterapia sistêmica para celulite orbitária pode diminuir a inflamação orbitária com baixo risco de agravar a infecção. Com base em nossa análise, concluímos que o uso precoce de esteroides por um curto período pode ajudar a encurtar os dias de internação e prevenir a progressão da inflamação.

Presentación atípica de celulitis orbitaria en recién nacido / Typical Orbital Cellulitis Presentation in Newborn

La celulitis orbitaria representa una causa frecuente de inflamación de la órbita, constituyendo una urgencia médica que requiere un manejo multidisciplinario. Se presenta caso de una recién nacida con clínica de aumento de volumen en región bipalpebral derecha y fiebre de 24 horas de evolución. Al examen físico se evidencia proptosis de ojo derecho, aumento de volumen bipalpebral que impide la apertura del globo ocular en su totalidad con signos de flogosis y secreción purulenta en borde palpebral. Los laboratorios reportan leucocitosis y trombocitosis reactiva; tomografía de orbita muestra tumefacción y edema periorbitario derecho, aumento difuso de densidad grasa post-septal extra e intraconal, hallazgos sugestivos de celulitis orbitaria derecha. Se indica antibioticoterapia con vancomicina y cefotaxime, ameritando además drenaje de absceso, obteniéndose secreción purulenta, en la que se aísla Estafilococo aureus meticilino resistente. Siendo una patología inusual en este grupo etario, se recomienda la publicación de este caso(AU)

Orbital cellulitis represents a frequent cause of inflammation of the orbit, constituting a medical emergency that requires multidisciplinary management. We present a case of a newborn with clinic of volume increase in right bipalpebral region and fever of 24 hours of evolution. Physical examination reveals proptosis of right eye, increase of bipalpebral volume that prevents the opening of the eyeball in its entirety with signs of flushing and purulent eyelid margin secretion. Laboratories report leukocytosis and reactive thrombosis; orbital tomography scan shows right periorbital swelling and edema, diffuse increase of extra and intraconal post-septal fat density, suggestive findings of right orbital cellulitis, covered with vancomycin and cefotaxime; subsequently requires abscess drainage where Staphylococcus aureus methycilin- resistant is isolated. Being an unusual pathology in this age group, the publication of this case is recommended(AU)

Differential Diagnoses of Diseases Involving the Extrinsic Ocular Musculature ­ A Pictorial Essay

Introduction There are some inflammatory, infectious, and neoplastic diseases affecting the extrinsic orbital musculature (EOM) that present with pain, decreased visual acuity, and proptosis. Imaging is fundamental to the differential diagnoses of these diseases with similar clinical presentations. The present case series report has as main objective to illustrate and discuss the main pathologies that affect the orbit. Material and Methods The present series of cases discusses the main pathologies that can affect the extraocular musculature that can be characterized by computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using cases from our institution. Results and Discussion The present study compiled several cases of ophthalmopathy from our institution to illustrate and address some of these pathologies, such as orbital lymphoma, Grave disease, metastases, periorbital cellulitis, and idiopathic orbital inflammatory syndrome. The diseases are discussed according to the presentation of clinical cases with emphasis on the main imaging findings of each pathology. Conclusion Computed tomography and MRI can help in the diagnosis and follow-up of the diseases that affect the EOM. We must be conversant with the main characteristics of the pathologies presented in the present case series report, since such findings together with clinical data can confirm the diagnosis of these diseases or at least help to narrow the differential diagnoses.

Celulite orbital por rinossinusite maxilar, etmoidal e frontal em paciente adulto: relato de caso / Orbital cellulitis by maxillary, etmoidal and frontal rhinosinusitis in an adult patient: case report

A celulite orbital é uma complicação incomum após quadro de rinossinusite. O objetivo do presente trabalho é relatar um caso de um paciente do sexo masculino, adulto-jovem, 22 anos de idade, que compareceu ao serviço de emergência apresentando edema periorbitário direito, proptose, oftalmoplegia, cefaléia, obstrução nasal e febre. O diagnóstico foi realizado por uma equipe multidisciplinar. A tomografia computadorizada pré-operatória apresentou edema difuso em região periorbitária direita, velamento dos seios: maxilar, esfenoidal e frontal ipsilateral. O paciente foi internado para abordagem cirúrgica e antibioticoterapia. A celulite orbitária associada a rinossinusite é uma complicação rara, sendo comum em crianças, que necessita de um diagnóstico e abordagem multidisciplinar e precoce para evitar extensões cranianas... (AU)

Orbital cellulitis is an uncommon complication after rhinosinusitis. The aim of the present study is to report a case of a 22-year-old male patient, young, 22 years old, who attended the emergency department with right periorbital edema, proptosis, ophthalmoplegia, headache, nasal obstruction and fever. The diagnosis was made by a multidisciplinary team. Preoperative computed tomography showed diffuse edema in the right periorbital region, veiling of the sinuses: maxillary, sphenoidal and ipsilateral frontal. The patient was admitted for surgical approach and antibiotic therapy. Orbital cellulitis associated with rhinosinusitis is a rare complication, common in children, which requires a multidisciplinary and early diagnosis and approach to avoid cranial extensions... (AU)

Bilateral cavernous sinus and left dural sigmoid sinus thrombosis associated with extreme exertion: a case report / Trombose bilateral do seio cavernoso e do seio sigmoide esquerdo associada a exercício extremo: relato de caso

ABSTRACT Septic cavernous sinus thrombosis is a rare but often debilitating and potentially fatal disease. We describe a case of bilateral orbital cellulitis with rapidly progressing cavernous sinus thrombosis and left sigmoidal sinus thrombosis in an immunocompetent 20-year-old military man who had undergone intensive physical training. The patient presented with rapid painful swollen left eye for 2 days. The examination results were gross proptosis with total ophthalmoplegia. He was treated with intravenous antibiotics and corticosteroid. At 1 week, visual acuity improved to 20/20 OU, with a normal intraocular pressure. There was a significant improvement in proptosis. The ocular motility of the right eye was fully restored, with slight residual ophthalmoplegia in the left eye. There was no residual illness or recurrence of illness at 3 months' follow-up.

RESUMO A trombose séptica do seio cavernoso é uma condição rara, mas frequentemente debilitante e potencialmente fatal. Descrevemos um caso de celulite orbital bilateral com progressão rápida para trombose do seio cavernoso e trombose do seio sigmoide esquerdo, em um militar imunocompetente de 20 anos de idade que havia sido submetido a treinamento físico intenso. O paciente apresentou um inchaço rápido e doloroso no olho esquerdo por 2 dias. Os resultados do exame foram proptose macroscópica com oftalmoplegia total. Ele foi tratado com antibióticos intravenosos e costicosteróide. Em 1 semana, a acuidade visual melhorou para 20/20, com pressão intraocular normal. Houve uma melhora significativa na proptose. A motilidade ocular do olho direito foi totalmente restaurada, com leve oftalmoplegia residual no olho esquerdo. Não houve doença residual ou recorrência da doença após três meses de acompanhamento.

Mucormicosis rino-órbito-cerebral crónica: una patología poco frecuente / Chronic rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis: an uncommon pathology

Resumen La mucormicosis rino-órbito-cerebral (ROC) crónica es una patología poco frecuente, con un número reducido de casos publicados en la literatura, cuyas manifestaciones son muy diversas e inespecíficas. El tratamiento se basa en la experiencia de casos y series de casos. Las herramientas terapéuticas incluyen el uso de antifúngicos endovenosos y orales por tiempo prolongado, asociado o no a debridamiento quirúrgico amplio, pudiendo requerir incluso exenteración orbitaria. Presentamos a continuación un caso de mucormicosis ROC crónica, junto con las dificultades para su diagnóstico y manejo, en el que destaca el enfrentamiento multidisciplinario. Dada la poca frecuencia de esta enfermedad, nos parece relevante difundirlo.

Abstract Chronic rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis is a rare condition with a small number of cases that have been published, whose manifestations are very diverse and nonspecific. The treatment is based on case series experiences. Therapeutic options include the use of long-term intravenous and oral antifungals, associated or not with extensive surgical debridement, and may even require orbital exenteration. We present below a case of chronic rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis with the challenge of diagnosis and management in which multidisciplinary work is fundamental. Since it is an uncommon pathology, it seems relevant to share the information.

Cuerpo extraño intraorbitario extraído mediante abordaje pterional extradural / Intraorbial foreign body removed by extradural pterional approach

RESUMEN Paciente femenina de 9 años de edad, remitida al Hospital Pediátrico Universitario de Holguín "Octavio de la Concepción de la Pedraja", con el diagnóstico presuntivo de celulitis orbitaria izquierda. Se recoge el antecedente de trauma ocular ipsilateral con objeto de madera hacía un año, por lo que presentó como secuela disminución de la agudeza visual del ojo izquierdo. Al examen oftalmológico presentaba edema y secreciones purulentas a través de trayecto fistuloso en el párpado inferior. Se le realiza ecografía, tomografía computarizada e imagen por resonancia magnética de cráneo y órbitas, con sospecha de cuerpo extraño vegetal. Se decide realizar abordaje pterional extradural, y se logra la extracción de fragmento de madera. Cursa con tratamiento antibiótico con desaparición de las secreciones a las 48 horas del posoperatorio. La evolución ha sido favorable. Los traumas oculares son frecuentes, pero la presencia de cuerpos extraños intraorbitarios son eventos raros que desencadenan un proceso inflamatorio local, cuya magnitud estará en relación con la naturaleza de este. Los estudios imagenológicos son un elemento indispensable para el diagnóstico y la planificación quirúrgica(AU)

ABSTRACT A 9-year-old female patient is referred to Octavio de la Concepción de la Pedraja Children's University Hospital in Holguín with a presumptive diagnosis of left orbital cellulitis. The patient has an antecedent of ipsilateral ocular trauma by a wooden object one year before, which resulted in visual acuity reduction in the left eye. Ophthalmological examination revealed edema and purulent secretion along a fistulous tract in the lower eyelid. Suspicion of the presence of a plant foreign body leads to performance of echography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and orbits. It is decided to apply an extradural pterional approach and a wooden fragment is extracted. Antibiotic therapy is indicated and secretion disappears 48 hours after surgery. The patient's evolution has been favorable. Eye trauma is common, but the presence of intraorbital foreign bodies is a rare event that triggers a local inflammatory process whose magnitude will depend on its nature. Imaging studies are indispensable for diagnosis and surgical planning(AU)

Epidémiologie et prise en charge du zona ophtalmique à l'Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Omar Bongo Ondimba (HIA OBO), à Libreville, au Gabon

Introduction: Le virus de la varicelle et du zonaest à l'origine d'un large spectre d'atteintes systémiques et oculaires.Le but de ce travail est de montrer la place de l'ophtalmologiste dans la prise en charge du zona ophtalmique.Matériel et méthodes : Il s'agit d'une étude rétrospective menée dans le service d'Ophtalmologie de l'HIA OBO entre 2016 et 2018, sur une série de patients, pris en charge pour zona ophtalmique.Résultats: Nous avons recruté 8 patients, dont 6 femmes.L'âge moyen était de 42,5 ans. Quatre patients étaient VIH (+). Tous nos patients avaient une cellulite orbitaire. La motilité oculaire était conservée chez tous les patients.L'acuité visuelle était basse chez la plupart. L'examen à la lampe à fente retrouvait une hyperhémie conjonctivale, un chémosis et une atteinte cornéenne. Tous nos patients ont bénéficié d'une bi-antibiothérapie, des antalgiques et des anti-viraux. L'évolution était marquée par la régression de la cellulite orbitaire, la cicatrisation cutanée, la récupération visuelle.Conclusion: Le zona ophtalmique est plus fréquent chez les sujets atteints de VIH, par rapport à la population générale. Correctement pris en charge, son évolution est favorable. Par contre, en l'absence de traitement antiviral, il s'accompagne de complications oculaires dans 50 à 70 % des cas

Complicación orbitaria recurrente por rinosinusitis. Reporte de un caso / Recurrent orbital complication by rhinosinusitis. A case report

El compromiso orbitario es la complicación más frecuente de la rinosinusitis aguda en pediatría, y el etmoides es el seno más afectado. La recurrencia es infrecuente. Existen solo tres casos publicados en la literatura. Una anomalía anatómica del proceso unciforme o un mucocele podrían ser factores predisponentes, que pueden obstruir el drenaje normal de los senos junto con la presencia de etmoiditis.La tomografía computada y la resonancia magnética orientan el diagnóstico. El tratamiento quirúrgico está indicado ante la falta de respuesta al tratamiento instaurado luego de 48 horas o disminución de la agudeza visual o recurrencias sin patología tumoral de base.Se presenta a un paciente de 4 años de edad que consultó por un cuadro compatible con etmoiditis complicada recurrente. Presentó celulitis preseptal en seis oportunidades y un episodio de absceso subperióstico, desde los 3 meses de edad. Evolucionó favorablemente luego de la operación quirúrgica.

Orbital infection is the most frequent complication of ethmoiditis. Recurrent periorbital cellulitis is a very rare complication of rhinosinusitis with only three reports in the literature describing this pathological process.This complication can be favored by an anatomical abnormality of the uncinate process or mucocele obstructing the normal drainage pathway, in addition to ethmoidal sinusitis.Computed tomography and magnetic resonance guide the diagnosis. The treatment is based on antibiotics, corticosteroids and local decongestants. Surgical treatment is indicated in the absence of response to treatment established after 48 hours or decrease in visual acuity or recurrent orbital complications without underlying tumor pathology. In this report, we present a case of orbital complication of rhinosinusitis in a 4 year-old-child with six episodes of unilateral periorbital cellulitis and one episode of subperiosteal orbital abscess since the age of 3 months. There was a complete resolution with no recurrence after the surgical intervention

Proptosis por Celulitis Orbitaria en paciente Pediátrico: reporte de un caso / Proptosis for Orbital Cellulitis in a Pediatric Patient: case report

Orbital cellulitis is an infectious disease that occurs most frequently in the pediatric age. The most common underlying factor for its development is ethmoidal sinusitis. The microorganisms associated with orbital infection are S. pneumoniae, S. aureus, H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis, whose therapeutic failure brings serious complications that include loss of vision, meningitis and intracranial infection. In the following case we want to capture the doctor's actions in this infectious pathology, the diagnoses we should rule out and antibiotic treatment. We report the case of a previously healthy 2-year-old male patient who consulted for an increase left bipalpebral volume, associated to impossibility of spontaneous opening of left eye and febrile peak of 39.4 ° C, with TAC of paranasal sinuses and orbit, where shows left medial intraorbital abscess, with preseptal compromise that determines left proptosis, deciding to start associated antibiotic therapy for orbital cellulitis with compromise preseptal. In view of the slow evolution, a study was started to rule out the associated tumor process, which is discarded, maintaining an antibiotic for 21 days with clinical improvement after these. Orbital cellulitis in the pediatric age should be diagnosed quickly and in a timely manner, since it is a medical emergency, it is a condition that requires hospitalization and management with systemic antibiotics.

A Case of Acute Dacryocystitis Diagnosed after Surgical Treatment of Orbital Cellulitis and Orbital Abscess

PURPOSE: We report a case of acute dacryocystitis diagnosed with abscess and rupture of lacrimal sac and fistula to posterior orbit during the operation. CASE SUMMARY: A 71-year-old woman visited our clinic with edema and pain in the eyelid from three days ago. For past four months, there was viscous of the left eye and tears. The patient had severe conjunctival chemosis and hyperemia, compared with the left eyelid edema and redness. Orbital CT scan showed orbital cellulitis, which was followed by systemic antibiotics and steroid therapy. On the 4th day of therapy, orbital abscess formation was observed in orbit MRI and surgical drainage was planned. During surgery, we found rupture of the posterior part of lacrimal sac and fistula to posterior orbit. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was identified in the bacterial cultures, and after the administration of appropriate antibiotics, the disease showed improved progress, and then additional dacryocystorhinostomy was performed. CONCLUSIONS: In our case, acute dacryocystitis rarely spread in orbit, which may lead to delayed diagnosis, orbital cellulitis and abscess, resulting in serious complications of vision threat. So, we think that it is necessary to consider surgical treatment more actively in the stage of chronic dacryocysitis.

Celulitis orbitaria secundaria a sinusitis. Presentación de un caso / Orbital cellulitis secondary to sinusitis. Case presentation

La celulitis orbitaria es la causa más frecuente de inflamación aguda de la órbita y constituye una urgencia oftalmológica relativamente frecuente y potencialmente grave en la población pediátrica. La inflamación puede extenderse a la región postseptal, y afectar el contenido de la órbita. La relación anatómica de la órbita con estructuras vecinas como los senos paranasales, es clave para entender la etiopatogenia de la enfermedad; aparece, en la mayoría de las ocasiones, como complicación de una sinusitis. Se presenta una paciente de cinco años de edad, con diagnóstico de celulitis orbitaria secundaria a una sinusitis. La descripción de las características clínicas de la enfermedad y su manejo en este caso, puede aportar información útil para el mejor abordaje de la entidad. Se concluye que los elementos fundamentales son el diagnóstico temprano y la atención multidisciplinaria.

Orbital cellulitis is the most frequent cause of acute swelling of the orbit and is a relatively frequent ophthalmological emergency and potentially serious in the pediatric population. The inflammation may extend to post septal region, and affect the orbit content. The anatomical relation of the orbit with their neighboring structures as paranasal sinuses is the key to understand the etiopathogenesis of the disease; a case of a five-year-old patient is presented, with a diagnosis of orbital cellulitis secondary to sinusitis. The description of the clinical characteristics of the disease and its management in this case, may offer useful information for a better approach of this entity. It is concluded that the main elements are early diagnosis and multidisciplinary evaluation.

Orbital Cellulitis from an Orbital Compressed Air and Diesel Explosion Injury

No abstract available.

Neisseria gonorrhoeae: un agente causal infrecuente de celulitis periorbitaria en un niño / Neisseria gonorrhoeae: an infrequent causal agent of periorbital cellulitis in a child

La celulitis periorbitaria es una patología muy frecuente en la población pediátrica. Se define como la infección que compromete los tejidos blandos adyacentes a la órbita sin atravesar el septum orbitario. Después de la introducción de la vacuna contra Haemophilus influenzae, los patógenos involucrados, generalmente, son cocos Gram-positivos. A continuación, se presenta un caso de celulitis periorbitaria asociada a conjuntivitis purulenta por Neisseria gonorrhoeae en un niño de 2 años y 10 meses. Existen pocos casos descritos en la literatura en los que este microorganismo aparece como agente causal de celulitis periorbitaria. Con este caso, se quiere resaltar la importancia de la toma de cultivo en los pacientes que concomitantemente presenten conjuntivitis bacteriana y secreción purulenta, ya que esto facilitó el diagnóstico de esta patología por un agente etiológico poco frecuente.

Periorbital cellulitis is a very common disease in pediatric population, it describes an infection involving the adjacent soft tissues anterior to the orbital septum. Pathogens involved are generally Gram-positive cocci after introduction of Haemophilus influenzae vaccine. We report a case of Neisseria gonorrhoeae periorbital cellulitis associated with bacterial conjunctivitis in a child. There are few cases reported in the literature with this microorganism as the causal agent. With this case, we would like to emphasize the importance to do a culture of the ocular secretion (if it exists) because this allowed us to determine an infrequent agent of this disease.

Celulitis orbitaria complicada por absceso subperióstico debido a infección por Streptococcus pyogenes / Orbital cellulitis complicated by subperiosteal abscess due to Streptococcus pyogenes infection

Resumen: Introducción: La celulitis orbitaria es una enfermedad infecciosa muy frecuente en la edad pediátrica que puede provocar el desarrollo de severas complicaciones. Los principales microorganismos involucrados son Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae y Moraxella catarrhalis, que juntos corresponden al 95% de los casos. También se pueden presentar Streptococcus beta hemolíticos y microorganismos anaerobios, que corresponden a menos del 5% de los casos. Se presenta un caso poco frecuente de celulitis orbitaria complicada por absceso subperióstico ocasionado por Streptococcus pyogenes (estreptococo beta hemolítico del grupo A). Caso clínico: Paciente masculino de 9 años de edad con antecedente de trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad desde los 5 años de edad. Inició su padecimiento actual por presentar eritema en canto externo del ojo derecho; posteriormente, aumento de volumen periorbicular con limitación de apertura palpebral, progresión a proptosis, dolor a los movimientos oculares y secreción conjuntival purulenta. Los estudios de imagen subperióstico reportaron absceso y preseptal derecho con celulitis extraocular. Se inició manejo empírico con antibióticos, drenaje quirúrgico y cultivo del material purulento. De este, se aisló Streptococcus pyogenes. Conclusiones: Debido a la implementación de los esquemas de vacunación desde la década de los 90 contra H. influenza y S. pneumoniae, los casos por estos patógenos han disminuido, provocando que nuevas bacterias tomen su lugar como causantes de la infección. La importancia de considerar a S. pyogenes como etiología de celulitis orbitaria radica en la rápida progresión para la formación de abscesos, así como los pocos casos descritos en la literatura.

Abstract: Background: Orbital cellulitis is an infectious disease that is very common in pediatric patients, in which severe complications may develop. Etiological agents related to this disease are Haemophilus influenzae B, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Moraxella catarrhalis, which correspond to 95% of cases. Moreover, Streptococcus beta hemolytic and anaerobic microorganisms may also be present corresponding to < 5% of the cases. We present an uncommon case of cellulitis complicated by sub-periosteal abscess caused by Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A beta hemolytic streptococcus). Case report: A 9-year-old male patient with a history of deficit disorder and hyperactivity since 5 years of age. His current condition started with erythema in the external edge of the right eye, increase in peri-orbicular volume with limitation of eyelid opening, progression to proptosis, pain with eye movements and conjunctival purulent discharge. Image studies reported subperiosteal abscess and preseptal right with extraocular cellulitis. The patient started with empirical antibiotic treatment, surgical drainage and culture of purulent material from which Streptococcus pyogenes was isolated. Conclusions: Due to the implementation of vaccination schemes against H. influenza and S. pneumoniae since the 90s, the cases by these pathogens have decreased, causing new bacteria to take place as the cause of the infection. The importance of considering S. pyogenes as an etiology of orbital cellulitis is the rapid progression to abscess formation, and the few cases described in the literature.

Orbital Cellulitis from Untreated Conjunctival Wound

Orbital cellulitis is a potential blinding condition resulting from infection of the orbital contents, including the optic nerve. It may be fatal in cases with extension into the optic canal and subsequently the brain. Common aetiologies include extension of infection from paranasal sinusitis or preseptal cellulitis. This case report depicts the unusual occurrence of orbital cellulitis following a trivial superficial conjunctiva laceration wound from a motor-vehicle accident. Aggressive treatment with systemic antibiotics resulted in good visual outcome. All wound on or around the globe must be diligently treated to prevent such detrimental complication.

Clinical Characteristics of Intraorbital Foreign Bodies: Our Experience with 14 Cases

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical characteristics of intraorbital foreign bodies as well as the treatment outcomes. METHODS: This was a noncomparative interventional case series. Clinical data and radiographic images were gathered via retrospective chart reviews of 14 patients who underwent surgical removal of intraorbital foreign bodies by an oculoplastic surgeon at the Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea between July 2012 and November 2015. RESULTS: The mean age of patients was 45.1 years and 13 patients (92.9%) were male. There were 9 metallic; 3 nonmetallic, inorganic; and 2 organic intraorbital foreign bodies in this series. The most common orbital complication was orbital wall fracture (8, 57.1%), and one patient had orbital cellulitis associated with a wooden foreign body. Six patients (42.9%) underwent surgical removal of foreign bodies in a delayed setting, and 4 of them needed surgery to allow for the brain magnetic resonance image tests to evaluate neurologic problems. There were 6 patients (42.9%) who had a postoperative corrected visual acuity worse than 20/200, and all of them had poor visual acuity at the time of injury due to associated eyeball or optic nerve injuries. Four patients (28.6%) had eyeball movement limitations from the initial trauma, but only 1 patient had persistent limitations postoperatively. There were no other complications associated with surgical removal. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of patients with intraorbital foreign bodies were male who had periorbital traumas. The most common foreign body was metal, and orbital wall fractures were common. The poor visual prognosis was related to the eyeball or optic nerve injuries from the initial trauma. The urgent surgical removal should be performed for organic foreign bodies or associated orbital/ocular injuries. Metallic foreign bodies may also be considered for removal to allow for possible brain magnetic resonance image evaluations in the future.